Forgiveness In Dickens Great Expectations Essay -- GCSE English Litera

Pardoning In Dickens' Great Expectationsâ â â â â â â â â â Â Â â â Miriam A felt totally irritable. She just couldn't pardon her significant other's statements of regret any longer. Almon B was an alcoholic. At the point when he returned home inebriated, he was in every case incredibly contrite and revealed to her that he'd never get smashed again. Miriam now realized that Almon was not so much apologetic. She could pardon him until she was blue, yet except if Almon really apologized, their marriage would not work. Pardoning is a significant viewpoint in the family just as in the public arena, which is based on the family. In Charles Dickens' unequaled novel called Great Expectations, numerous characters think that its simple to excuse others, yet some need to figure out how to pardon. Dickens utilizes the characters in his novel to delineate how in the public eye absolution is an objective to achieve harmony and concordance. One character in the novel who carries on with an exceptionally peaceful life due to his incredible capacity to pardon is Joe Gargery. Since the time he was a kid, Joe exhibited his astonishing nature of absolution. He grew up having a dad who was a heavy drinker. At the point when Joe's father got back home, he would beat Joe and his mom and they would flee. At the point when they were away from Joe's father, Joe would begin school however his father would consistently locate his wanderer family, pull Joe out of school, and bring them home. Consequently, Joe lived an amazing majority an uneducated man. He could have been irate and angry about this, yet Joe supported his dad's activities which caused his lack of education by saying that he hauled him out of school since he cherished him. Joe shows his characteristic ideals in the earnest nature of absolution in the memorial he composed for his dad.1 It stated, Whatsume'er the failings on his part, recall peruser he were that acceptab le in ... ... 1O. Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities (New York: Penguin Books USA, Inc., 1980) 208. 11. Extraordinary Expectations, 347. 12. Jenkin, 69. 13. Extraordinary Expectations, 348. 14. The NIV Study Bible, ed. Kenneth Barker, et al, (Michigan: Zondervan Bible Publishers, 1985) II Corinthians 2:7. 15. Jenkin, 70. 16. Extraordinary Expectations, 35. 17. Extraordinary Expectations, 35. 18. Extraordinary Expectations, 35. 19. Jenkin, 70. 2O. Colossians 3:13. 21. Jenkin, 87. 22. Mill operator, 257. 23. Mill operator, 257. 24. Mill operator, 258. 25. Mill operator, 257. 26. Charles Dickens, The Letters of Charles Dickens, ed. Laurence Hutton (New York: Bigelow, Brown, and Co., 1893) 279. 27. Dickens composed many moving letters to loved ones other than the one cited in the content. Look at The Letters of Charles Dickens (n. 26) for additional perusing. Â

The Dangers of Cell Phone Use While Driving

In today’s society, the vast majority convey utilizing of PDAs. Only 15 to 20 years back, PDAs were an irregularity for the normal individual. The normal pay individual couldn't bear the cost of a mobile phone. Today, phones are reasonable and most of individuals own them. The times of holding up until you are home to utilize a phone or scanning for a compensation telephone in the event that you are out are a distant memory. Truth be told, pay telephones are being expelled, which builds the requirement for a phone. The administration will furnish a mobile phone with restricted month to month administration for those that are low pay and meet certain standards. The wireless has additionally made individuals to want to be open to steady correspondence. The serious issue lies with phone use while driving, which presents a steady threat out and about. In numerous examples, it is a destructive risk. In view of my experience and encounters of those I know, I accept that law should boycott all mobile phone use. Laws have passed as of late confining the utilization to a hands free gadget while driving. I feel this is a decent move the correct way be that as it may; a hands free gadget can be similarly as interruption. Some case the interruption is the same as changing a radio broadcast or taking a taste of your refreshment. I don't accept this case to be valid. I can't tally the occasions I have seen a driver utilizing their PDA, not concentrating on the traffic. I have seen drivers pull out straightforwardly before on coming vehicles scarcely maintaining a strategic distance from a mishap. My grown-up kids are prime instances of this training. I have been a traveler with them while they accept a call or take a gander at an instant message. During the discussion or looking at the instant message; they have crossed the centerline, weaved over onto the shoulder of the street, and turned inside their path. I dread for their security, others wellbeing, and my own. Many feel the utilization of a hands free gadget is more secure. From multiple points of view, it is more secure yet at the same time is a significant interruption. A companion of my child was in a lethal mishap while utilizing his hands free gadget. He was riding his bike and having a discussion on his â€Å"Bluetooth†. He was addressing a companion and revealed to them he was going to pass a junk truck. He was going on a solitary path roadway. While going at a high pace he lost control. The companion heard what was going on. The youngster was tossed over the front of the cruiser arrival on his head. His neck was broken. He was incapacitated starting from the head and was just ready to mouth words as his larynx was deadened. He was mouthing the words, â€Å"let me go†. Following a year, his folks settled on the horrifying choice to expel him from the ventilator. He passed on not long after at the youthful age of 22. I can't resist the opportunity to ponder had he not been chatting on the telephone would he have settled on a superior choice about passing the garbage truck. The vast majority feel these repulsions can't transpire. Driving any vehicle requires complete consideration. I accept that utilizing a mobile phone can be as weakening as driving while affected by liquor. Numerous laws have gone in Maryland and across the country concerning the issue. I feel the laws are fundamental and ought to go a stop further with a full boycott. A full boycott would spare numerous lives over the state and the country.

The Scholarship System Annual Scholarship Opportunity

At The Scholarship System, one of our core beliefs is to avoid student loan debt or limit it to the lowest amount possible. While sometimes it can be inevitable, we always stress that there are two sides to graduating debt-free: reducing the amount of money needed and earning debt-free money to cover what you do need.This scholarship opportunity is designed to help with the latter part of the equation, while challenging students to consider the importance of limiting student loan debt and their plan-of-action to do so.My Desire to Graduate Without Student Loan DebtI will never forget watching Dave Ramseys Financial Peace University in school. He told multiple stories of families completely buried in debt, including his own family at one time. This made me terrified of debt and, from that moment on, I vowed to avoid debt as much as possible, including student loan debt.From 15 years old, I always had a part-time job. I allowed myself $50 from each paycheck and then socked away the res t in a bank account. I continued working all the way through high school and college to help cover expenses. But there were other tricks I learned like ways to cut my costs in college and how to secure scholarships to cover the rest.Ultimately, I did whatever I needed to in order to avoid student loan debt. And because of that, Ive been able to own my car outright, purchase a rental property, travel all around the world, and solely focus on helping others through The Scholarship System.Thats why I want to help others work towards a debt-free education through The Scholarship System course, our Debt-Free Degree Lab membership, and our annual scholarships. I am ecstatic that we are able to do this for the second year in a row (and give out more money this time!)The Scholarship System Debt-Free Degree Lab Annual Scholarship OpportunityWere proud to offer our annual scholarship for incoming freshmen and current college students. There are two separate scholarships available:The Schola rship System Debt-Free Degree Members-Only Scholarship ApplicationThe Scholarship System Annual Non-Members Scholarship ApplicationScholarship applications are due Sunday, July 21, 2019 at 11:59PM PST. The winners will be announced by July 31, 2019.With this scholarship, we hope to reward students who are actively working towards a debt-free education. Even if you have had to borrow for college, we want to hear your plans, goals, and thought-process on succeeding in college while limiting student debt as much as possible.How to Apply for The Scholarship OpportunityHere are the requirements to apply to The Scholarship System 2019 Annual Scholarship Opportunity.Essays must be your own work.Applicants must either be enrolled or actively applying for enrollment to an undergraduate programfor the Fall 2019 semester. Students at technical, community, and four-year colleges may apply.All entries must be received by July 21, 2019 at 11:59PM PST.Applicants must fill out the application enti rely.Award amounts will be one (1) $500 scholarship to a non-member student, two (2) $600 scholarship awards for a member of The Scholarship System course and one (1) $600 scholarship for a member of the Debt-Free Degree Lab.For Non-MembersWe will award one (1) $500 scholarship award to the non-member student who best demonstrates their plan to graduate with as little debt as possible. This includes both past and future efforts to help pay for college.Students must submit the application below by the deadline, including submitting any supplemental materials.The Scholarship System Annual Non-Members Scholarship ApplicationAnyone who meets all criteria above and is not a member of the online course is eligible to apply.For The Scholarship SystemCourse Debt-Free Degree Lab MembersWe will award two (2) $600 scholarship awards to students who are a member ofThe Scholarship System online course and one (1) $600 to a student that is a member of Debt-Free Degree Labthat demonstrates their plan to graduate with as little debt as possible. This includes both past and future efforts to help pay for college. The best applicants will successfully implement the strategies discussed in the course as well.Course member students must submit the application below by the deadline, including submitting any supplemental materials. The password has been shared in our private members-only Facebook group as well as emailed out to each member.The Scholarship System Debt-Free Degree Members-Only Scholarship ApplicationAnyone who is a course or membership member prior to the due date and meeting any other criteria is eligible to apply.Action ItemsWhile student loan debt may seem like there is no way around it, there are many ways to limit the amount you have to borrow. Your plan of action with student debt could possibly lead to you more money with this scholarship!If you know anyone who is heading to college this fall or already in college, share this scholarship opportunity with the m!The Scholarship System Annual Scholarship WinnersThe winner of the The Scholarship Systems 4th Annual Scholarship (2019-2020) for Non-Members was Ivan J.For our Members-Only Scholarship, we awarded Ashley R., Emily S., and Sydney S..The winner of the The Scholarship Systems 3rd Annual Scholarship (2018-2019) for Non-Members was Yasmene R.For our Members-Only Scholarship, we awarded Ian J., Rachel R., and Andy S..The winner of theThe Scholarship Systems 2nd Annual Scholarship (2017-2018) for Non-Members was Jeremiah C.For our Members-Only Scholarship, we awarded Jacob H., Alexis H., and Lea M..The winners of theThe Scholarship Systems 1st Annual Scholarship (2016-2017) were Kelsey C. and Suzanne K.Pin50RedditShareLeave a Comment

Contrasting Outlooks in Dream of the Rood and The...

Differing Outlooks in Dream of the Rood and The Wanderer Outlook defines our perception of reality. The characters in Dream of the Rood and The Wanderer maintain opposed perspectives that greatly influence the way they view their common state of desolation. The dreamer and the Cross in Dream of the Rood embrace a religious ideology that gives them hope, whereas the earth-walker in The Wanderer embraces an existential view that leaves him to suffer his loneliness. The characters differing outlooks greatly influence how they view their exile, their ultimate destination, and the journey to this destination, their homecoming. The characters of both works face exile: the dreamers friends have gone hence from the†¦show more content†¦The dreamer, like those who endured fire, is renewed with hope, and is joyful (Rood 21). He trusts in a higher power, and anticipates rejoining his friends who he believes are in heaven with God. Though it might have felled all foes, the Cross endured its exile bravely in the presence of the Lord. It is mocked with him, drenched with his blood, and laden with his sorrows, and when Christ was dismounted from it, the Cross, as well as Christ, bowed to the mens hands (Rood 20). The Cross, despite its fate, is patient and humble like Christ, and while Christ is redemption, the Cross is a symbol of that journey to heaven: the Cross shall the kingdom be sought by each soul on this earthly journey that thinks to dwell with the Lord (Rood 21). The loss of his friends and the lord of his mead-hall, however, devastate the earth-walker. While the dreamer and the Cross have God to protect them from the cruelty of exile, the earth-walker is inconsolably forlorn. He speaks of how cruel a companion sorrow is to the man who has no beloved protectors. The earth-walker is bereft of all of the joys of earth, and unlike the Cross and the dreamer, he has no one in whom to seek comfort. For him, no joy on earth means no joy at all; for him all delight has gone (Wanderer 69). The characters common state of exile imposes a theme of homecoming upon the Dream of the Rood and The

Stealth Technology - 4376 Words

STEALTH TECHNOLOGY ABSTRACT: Stealth technology also known as LOT (Low Observability Technology) is a sub-discipline of military electronic countermeasures which covers a range of techniques used with aircraft, ships and missiles, in order to make them less visible (ideally invisible) to radar, infrared and other detection methods. The concept of stealth is not new: being able to operate without giving the enemy knowledge has always been a goal of military technology and techniques. However, as the potency of detection and interception technologies (radar, IRST, surface-to-air missiles etc.) has increased, so too has the extent to which the design and operation of military vehicles have been affected in response. A stealth vehicle will†¦show more content†¦Rapid development of radar during WWII led to equally rapid development of numerous counter radar measures during the period; a notable example of this was the use of chaff. * The term Stealth in reference to reduced radar signature aircraft became popular during the late eighties when the F-117 stealth fighter became widely known. The first large scale (and public) use of the F-117 was during the Gulf War in 1991. However, F-117A stealth fighters were used for the first time in combat during Operation Just Cause, the United States invasion of Panama in 1989. Since then it has become less effective due to developments in the algorithms used to process the data received by radars, such as Bayesian particle filter methods. Increased awareness of stealth vehicles and the technologies behind them is prompting the development of techniques for detecting stealth vehicles, such as passive radar arrays and low-frequency radars. Many countries nevertheless continue to develop low-RCS vehiclesShow MoreRelatedIntroduction Of Stealth Technology : Technology2104 Words   |  9 PagesINTRODUCTION OF STEALTH TECHNOLOGY: Most of the common people would be unaware of this technology and they would first ask what is this technology? Stealth technology is that technology which covers the range of technology which is used by defence men, air craft s, missiles, satellites so that they become invisible to the radar , infrared, solar and other detection methods. It is combination of technologies that aims to reduce the distances at which a vehicle or a person can be detectedRead MoreDaniel Haddad The SR-71 Blackbird The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird is an advanced, long-range, mach 3 +900 Words   |  4 Pagesexpansion at the high operational temperatures, the fuselage panels are manufactured to fit only loosely on the ground. The SR-71 was the first operational aircraft designed with a stealth shape. The materials also allowed for the SR-71 to be the peak of stealth design at the time. The first studies in radar stealth technology seemed to show that a shape with flat tapering sides would avoid reflecting radar energy toward the radar beams place of origin. The aircraft also used radar absorbing materialsRead More Area 51 Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pagesthe location for the runway. By August of 1955, the U-2 makes its first flight from Grooms Lake. That was only the beginning for test flights from Area 51. In April 1962, the first A-12 Blackbird was tested at Groom Lake. February 1982, the F-117A Stealth fighter takes off for the first time. All other test flights have not been released to the public, but that doesnt mean they dont occur. However, they are, in no way, shape or form, alien test flights. Nearly all of the evidence that supports theRead MoreA short history of military stealth technology thro ugh the ages2190 Words   |  9 PagesLockheed Martin F-22a Raptor fighter jet is the pinnacle of modern stealth technology. Featuring the absolute latest in radar absorbent covering and aircraft design, this plane not only defies, but also laughs at enemy attempts to spot it, showing up as a blip the same size as a marble would on radar. Throughout the ages, it has not been he with the bigger stick who won the war, but he with the stick that could not be seen. Stealth technology and camouflage have been an integral part of warfare from whenRead MorePilot Schooling: The Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesparaphernalia is approximately $1.157 billion, all of which is worth it when trying to stay undetected on a mission. After all, the crew has no flares, no high speed after burn, and no missiles to fire back. They have only one thing to protect them. Their stealth. It all started when two brothers began to design wings for the new Nazi regime in Germany. With the outbreak of WWII in 1939, the Horton brothers continued their groundbreaking work under a shroud of secrecy. But while the Germans were developingRead MoreStealth Aircraft On Bombing Missions1257 Words   |  6 Pages The advantages and disadvantages of using stealth aircraft on bombing missions are varied, from their use in conflict to the risks and costs involved in operating such an aircraft. They are beneficial in restricting the length and time of battles especially when capable of long missions, but at a substantial cost to both the crew operating the craft and the US Air Force itself. This essay will explore the long missions the F-117 and B-2 stealth aircraft are capable of, the costs involved in developingRead MoreUnited States Military Aircraft ( 2a Spirit )1868 Words   |  8 Pages4. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 BACKGROUND United States Defense Department continues to develop and acquire systems which provide the required capabilities to the war-fighters. B-2 stealth bomber has unique wing configuration and stealth technology. The structure of B-2 is similar to B-35 which was developed in 1940 ‘s by Northrop. The first B-2 was displayed publicly on November 22, 1988. Its flight was on July 17, 1989. This aircraft got its full operational capabilityRead More Military Technology Essay2343 Words   |  10 PagesMilitary Technology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology in the military has greatly increased strength and eased the ranking among world powers and effected the development of new military weapons. The term â€Å"Survival of the fittest† means that the strong will succeed but the meek will not, this is the case with military technology. The U.S. has the best technology in the world, therefore we are the highest military power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology is a very important part of warfare. Technology is driven by the militaryRead MoreMilitary Technology2354 Words   |  10 PagesMilitary Technology Technology in the military has greatly increased strength and eased the ranking among world powers and effected the development of new military weapons. The term Survival of the fittest means that the strong will succeed but the meek will not, this is the case with military technology. The U.S. has the best technology in the world, therefore we are the highest military power. Technology is a very important part of warfare. Technology is driven by the military. The armysRead MoreVirtual Teams1070 Words   |  5 PagesDefense is known for their F-35 Lighting II Program; the focal point for defining affordable next generation stealth fighter aircraft. In 2002, the Department of Defense announced Lockheed Martin Aeronautic as the designer and builder of the fighter with Northrop Grumman and BAE Systems as the major partners. The fighter was noted by proponents of the program, â€Å"to bring cutting edge technology to the battle space of the future†. The immense project consisted of countries all over the world, working

Accounting Information System The Current Scenario

Question: Describe about the Accounting Information System for The Current Scenario. Answer: Introduction The world in the current scenario is running in a high progressive environment and every organization operating in this environment needs to use the scarce resources available to them efficiently to maximize their profit. With the introduction of new competitors in the market, every industry requires to maintain competitive edge through better quality standards, on time delivery, after sales service and a healthy working environment to keep on track with the market. Any firm not able to meet these criteria gets eliminated from the market. The topic deals with the organization named Boston Manufacturing Company, a medium sized organization concerned with the production of machine tools. The problem faced by this firm is that for the past two years the net income has decreased appreciably due to an increase in the operating cost and cost of sales. The order fulfillment time of this firm has also become very lengthy leading to missing out on the deadline of delivery. The firm also faces problems due to huge daily orders and due to processing sales error. The study will now determine the how the organization will improve the accounting information system in order to gain a substantial development of the infrastructure of the firm, which will be crucial in eliminating the faults and errors the firm was having, which lead to the fall in the net income of the firm. Analysis Boston Manufacturing Company, a medium sized firm producing machine tools has been going through a tough time due to fall in the net income for the past two years. The firm is going through such a phase due to inefficient work process and errors in the production function. It was detected that due to inefficient Accounting Information System, the firm had been going through such a phase. A proper analysis of the problems led to the answer that the main root of the problem was due to outdated AIS system. The management of the organization thus decided to introduce an efficient AIS system to eliminate all the errors and faults detected in the organization. The management decided to take initiative for a sustainable growth in the sales by providing product demand information, technological developments, competitors marketing plan etc. It was decided to supervise and control the costs related to the productivity of the employees and maintain a proper inventory level. Customers are the primary source of income for every firm and so maintain high-level customer satisfaction through on time delivery of shipments is also necessary. All these methods can be obtained if the firm implements an advanced information system for accounting enabling them to provide relevant information to the managers for decision-making and to implement any modern techniques or systems, which will increase the competitive edge of the organization through increase in the income over the expense. The estimated cost for the implementation of the system along with the other expenses of the organization consisted to$ 271,000 and the benefit reaped out of it every year w as predicted to $ 164,000. The objectives of a redesigned and updated information system in the organization are to bring in organizational changes through collection and storage of vital data about the operations and transactions. It transforms the records into information, which will be advantageous for the management while taking business decisions. The AIS also gives adequate restrictions to safeguard the interests and assets of the organization. The designing of the AIS system is through analysis of the strategies, organizational structures and information technology. A good AIS process will add value by giving the exact and timely information so that the value chain activities can perform more effectively and efficiently. The process also increases the sharing of knowledge among all the departments thus improving the work culture of an organization (Hall, 2012). The assumptions and constraints, which Boston Manufacturing Company needs to take into consideration, are like finding out the motivation and attitudes of the employees with the introduction of the new system. The employees may require proper training to increase their skills towards this system. The organization also needs to focus on the source of funding for the implementation of the process and also to see to it that all the resources used for the production functions are optimally used as resources are limited. Any unlikely risks like accidents and natural calamities also need proper supervision as such constraints harm the function of the organization (Prasad, and Green, 2015). The personal and cost requirements for the implementation of the ideas mentioned by the management of Boston Manufacturing Company includes proper supervision from the top level management to the employees concerned in working out this process. The employees need to be motivated so that they have a sense of responsibility among them to efficiently work out the plan. A proper link between the different levels of management will induce the method efficiently. Boston Manufacturing Company needs to estimate costs for development of high level customer service, implementing new technologies and to incorporate new information systems from time to time in order to maintain he competitive edge in the market. The equipments needed for the implementation of the ideas discussed by the management involves the use of advanced accounting systems, along with accounting techniques to evaluate the production cost and keeping track of the inventory levels (Abbasi, 2014). The organization also needs to analyze methods, which will be beneficial for reducing costs like implementation of cost effective machine and providing proper training to the employees so that the level of errors decrease and thus reducing costs. The organization also uses methods of better supervision to detect any wastage of the resources (Ibrahim, 2013). Thus, from the above assessment it can be stated that Boston Manufacturing Company needs to implement new and improved AIS in order to reduce the errors and faults thus reducing the operating costs and cost of sales therefore increasing the net income of the organization. The firm can also thus implement all the ideas discussed by the management Recommendation The above study reveals the fact that Boston Manufacturing Company can increase the its net income through the reduction of their operating costs by eliminating all the errors of late delivery and lengthy output time. Such a case can be done through the implementation of an advanced AIS, which in turn will not only eliminate all the errors, but will also help the firm to gain competitive edge over its competitors. Reference List Abbasi, H., 2014. Role of Management Accounting Information System in Organizations.Journal of Business and Technovation,2(1), pp.96-102. Al-Hiyari, A., AL-Mashre, M.H.H. and Mat, N.K.N., 2013. Factors that affect accounting information system implementation and accounting information quality: A survey in University Utara Malaysia.American Journal of Economics,3(1), pp.27-31. Amran, A.M., Rahman, R.A., Yusof, S.N.S. and Mohamed, I.S., 2014. The current practice of Islamic microfinance institutions accounting information system via the implementation of mobile banking.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,145, pp.81-87. Hall, J.A., 2012.Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Ibrahim, A., 2013.Impact of Accounting Information System onthe Quality of Financial Information-An Applied Studyofthe Ministry of Finance and National Economy(Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology). Moghadam, H.M., Akhavansaffar, M., Bakhshaei, Z. and MirHosseini, S.Y., 2013. Effect of investment in information technology system on providing desired services of accounting information system.Elixir International Journal A,55, pp.13268-13273. Prasad, A. and Green, P., 2015. Organizational competencies and dynamic accounting information system capability: impact on AIS processes and firm performance.Journal of Information Systems,29(3), pp.123-149. Sundem, G., Bradbury, M., Spicer, B. and Wells, M., 2014. The Search for a Better Accounting System: The Overlooked Concern.Accounting Education for the 21st Century: The Global Challenges, p.465. Vanhoof, E., De Bruyn, P., Aerts, W. and Verelst, J., 2016, May. Building an Evolvable Prototype for a Multiple GAAP Accounting Information System. InEnterprise Engineering Working Conference(pp. 71-85). Springer International Publishing. Zhang, J. and Xu, L., 2015. Embodied carbon budget accounting system for calculating carbon footprint of large hydropower project.Journal of Cleaner Production,96, pp.444-451.

Operations Management in Abu Dhabi National Oil Company

Introduction Management is an important part of any organization. All successful organizations employ successful management procedures in all their functions. The application of operations management in the areas of quality control, human resource, and supply chain is an important practice in management.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Operations Management in Abu Dhabi National Oil Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Mentzer, the control of quality in an organization is influenced by the existing structures that are intended at serving these functions (9). The quality of products and services produced in an organization dictates the success that the organization enjoys in comparison with its competitors. Areas such as human resource and job design management constitute other aspects of an organization that determine the level of organizational success. Human resource management ensures that an organization has employees who are devoted to the aims of the organization. Such employees have the skills that are necessary for operating in the respective industry (Mentzer 21). The third area of management that contributes significantly in determining success in an organization is supply chain management. The distribution of goods and services to and from organizations should be managed efficiently. One of the organizations that enjoy success in management of the above areas is the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC). This essay looks at the operations management in the areas of managing quality, human resources and job design, and the supply chain. Managing Quality Management of quality contributes to the output of organizations. The output is only significant when the quality control and management are utilized. ADNOC is located in the mining and distribution industry of petroleum in Abu Dhabi. It is considered one of the global leaders in the petroleum technology. This co mpany is a leader in the provision of petroleum services, with quality control being key in its operations. According to Gitlow, quality control entails putting in place measures that are aimed at enhancing the output in organizations (23). This process begins with setting up a department that is charged with the mandate of overseeing the success of the organization.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More ADNOC has a quality control department whose objective involves the provision of standard petroleum products and/or the provision of services along these lines. ADNOC has branches and subsidiaries in different parts of the country. The ancillaries keep the necessary quality control procedures written in the policy statement of the company. After its establishment in 1971, ADNOC set out to establish many companies, affiliates, and subsidiaries, all of which have quality control de partments. ADNOC has branches in the oil industry. These branches stretch in the areas of exploration, refining, gas production, and transportation of products. The company also distributes crude oil, gas, and refined products to overseas markets, with local distribution forming a significant part in its operations. The management of quality in production, distribution, and storage of products from this organization requires a dedicated workforce with the ability to handle quality control functions of this organization. Quality control in the production of the organization’s chief products is indicated by the organization’s position on the global and local markets. This organization is among the most successful of its kind. ADNOC has a quality control representative in each of its subsidiaries, including the main company. The quality control representative is in charge of the quality control program in each of these subsidiaries. The quality control representative who is responsible for control of the company’s output coordinates activities under the quality control department. Aside from the management of these activities directly in the organization, ADNOC’s quality control representatives and departments have additional functions.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Operations Management in Abu Dhabi National Oil Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organization requires the quality control and management department to provide information on the latest requirements for suppliers, relevant government affiliates, investors, and other organizational affiliates. The other function of quality control representatives is the provision of modifications in the processes in ADNOC to ensure that the outputs are according to the international standards. Top managers and quality control bosses hold frequent meetings to ensure that the department is operating as it sh ould in terms of making the right decisions. The quality control department is required to provide its findings to the senior management, which makes its adjustments to the organization as deemed possible. Gitlow states that quality control should be focused on ensuring that the output is above or equivalent to the global standards (24). Organizations should seek not only to achieve quality control targets but also to set targets for other organizations in the industry. This function of quality control departments is one that ADNOC has carried out over the last few years. Employees in the organization are part of the quality control management process. Therefore, the organization has developed and implemented training and education programs for its employees who are required to provide feedback to the different departments of the organization. This information contributes to the development of standards in the organization. Quality control managers and representatives in this organi zation also follow up with the findings of quality control department in the organization. Aside from the quality control department in the organization, ADNOC outsources quality control services from third parties. The program in the organization is successful with the combination of internal and external quality control parties. The work of quality check programs in ADNOC is to ensure that the output is acceptable and up to the necessary standards. ADNOC has a dedicated management team that takes value as an important part of the production process.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The mining part of the company is an important one. The quality assurance role in this area includes the promotion of safe mining activities. The company has engaged on a campaign to reduce pollution along the process of oil drilling and mining and in the transfer of this product to the local and international markets. The organization has a crisis and emergency division that is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the activities that the organization undertakes are safe for the local environment. An oil spill is one of the major disasters that the organizations can face. The prevention of this disaster is a priority of its crisis and emergency management team. The other activity in the management of quality at ADNOC is the frequent surveys that the organization undertakes. According to Ayish, organizations should participate in feedback activities that allow them improve on their service provision or quality of goods and services (33). ADNOC participates in the provisio n of feedback to promote the provision of better products and services. Surveys are sent to the other companies that interact with the organization. Individuals and organizations that are affiliated to the origination add to the employee feedback, which is used to improve the quality of goods and services in the organization. Gitlow states that employees are important in quality assurance and that organizations should ensure that they participate in the process (29). Some of the ways that organizations may improve the quality of their goods and services is through the promotion of better terms for their employees in terms of providing motivational activities and/or offering the best financial terms. ADNOC has thousands of employees in the many subsidiaries and groups of companies that it operates. These workers are guaranteed good employment terms. This plan has led to the high quality of output. The reduction of flaring on the organization is another achievement that adequate quali ty control has implemented. Flaring is a big contributor to environmental pollution. Initially, the organization had a significant flaring, which led to significant pollution. Measures to reduce pollution that is related to flaring have been effective for this business and its affiliated organizations. Gitlow states that environmental protection for major organizations is an important part in the assessment of their quality control measures (29). Therefore, ADNOC is well placed to achieve quality control and management targets that make it an international company. Human Resources and Job Design Human resource management is an important part of organizations. Many institutions are dedicated to the provision of adequate human resource management practices. According to Mentzer, an organization is as good as the human resource that it recruits and manages (19). The job design for any organization should correspond to the needs of the employees. Job design management in an organization consists of a team of employees and managers who are dedicated to the fulfillment of organizational goals in terms of production. Human resource management entails the recruitment, training, motivation remuneration, and other services that are related to employees. Organizations that recognize their employees as the most important stakeholders often have significant levels of success. These organizations also have significant levels of competitiveness. Organizations that wish to succeed in their respective industries should have a human resource department that has human resource managers who are charged with the assurance of employee needs and rights. ADNOC has a human resource sector in place that takes charge of employee needs in this organization. The department plays the role of recruitment of employees, training, motivation, and promotion of employee rights. The organization recruits employees that are highly trained and experienced. These workers proceed with training while still at the organization. ADNOC offers training for internship students who wish to join the organization in pursuit of employment. Some of these students are absorbed into the organization where they get a chance to bring their experience and training to the organization. Experienced individuals who include human resource managers should run human resource management. ADNOC is one of the organizations with an experienced team of human resource managers who serve different functions in this department. The senior human resource manager is involved in policy formulation, including the determination of individuals who the organization can recruit and employ. Employee remuneration is a significant part of human resource management. It ensures motivation within an organization (Mentzer 17). ADNOC offers competitive remuneration for its employees, with this strategies being one of the reasons for its success in the respective industry. The human resource department within the organizati on or its subsidiaries is charged with the promotion of employee rights and the provision of services. The department ensures that the employees constantly get their remuneration, which has been reviewed in their favor. An organization with the desire to succeed in its respective industry should respect the rights of its employees whilst ensuring that their salaries are competitive in the industry (Ermida 271). The organization with the best employee policies usually enjoys success in the industry and market within which it is located. ADNOC is located in an industry that is considered risky for any employee. Job design in this organization ensures employee safety. The company considers fatality of one of its employees an urgent matter that needs attention. The company has previously had accidents at its places of work, with seven employees dying in 2009 because of work-related accidents. The company investigated these incidents as a way of assuring its employees of future safety at the organization and its affiliate companies. The measures put in place at the organization have ensured that no accident is reported since the death of these employees. ADNOC considers its employees one of their important stakeholders alongside its customers, government organizations, suppliers, and the public. These stakeholders enjoy a variety of engagements with the organization. Employees get team meetings where they contribute to the development of the organization. As a result, they feel motivated. According to Mentzer, these team meetings are important in communicating the organization’s goals and objectives whilst motivating employees towards the achievement of these goals and targets (19). The other way that ADNOC engages its employees is in employee appraisals. The organization carries out frequent employee appraisals that are aimed at improving the performance of these employees in the various areas of work. Employee appraisal is important in the determination of employee output. It works through the improvement of their terms and services. The company also has a suggestion scheme in place for its employees, with this plan helping them attain organizational goals. The scheme is run in all affiliate companies of the organization. The intention is to improve the services of the employees and their total output. An organization that embraces technology in its human resource management is often successful in its venture (Mentzer 12). ADNOC is one of the organizations with extensive use of technology in its human resource management. The organization runs online surveys for its employees. It has personalized e-mail accounts for workers (Mentzer 13). Aside from the personalized email services, this organization has an intranet that ensures that the digital platform is fully utilized and exploited in the organization. Employees have access to newsletters and company magazines that it produces. These resources contain the description of the job des ign of the organization. The newsletters provide information to employees on how they should run different parts of the organization. According to Mentzer, organizations should provide continuous education and training for their employees to ensure that they give their best to the business (14). ADNOC has training programs in place for its employees. The human resource department in the organization coordinates these programs. The training is carried out in the form of seminars and workshops alongside other training activities. The other aspect of human resource management that is prominent in ADNOC is the promotion of social and environmental activities. The organization is located in an industry that interacts heavily with the environment in the process of mining. Industries in the mining industry particularly have their employees participate in the environmental sustainability and protection. Job design in this organization entails ensuring the most output with the least destruct ion of the environment. The promotion of social and environmental activities in the workforce ensures that they maintain a safe operating environment and protection of the environment in general. ADNOC is a key player in environmental protection, which leads to its prevention of environmental degradation. Some of the risks include the spillage of oil, which may lead to destruction of marine life. Job design management in the organization is a function of the executive management. It entails a description of the various jobs and slots in the organization. The human resource department also plays part in the job design management, which determines employee numbers and their respective areas. Mentzer states that the job design determines the success that organizations enjoy in their respective industries (17). Organizations that have effective job design management have a better output. ADNOC is a leader in its respective industry, with the products and services in their output being t he best in its class. Supply Chain Supply chain management is another vital part of an organization. Companies are currently recognizing the need for this new aspect of competitive advantage (Mentzer 72). Supply chain management consists of processes and activities that contribute towards the provision of the products to the end users (Mentzer 72). The most vital area in supply chain management includes purchasing, manufacturing, transportation, distribution, and warehousing (Mentzer 78). Supply chain is an aggregate of all these functions that lead to the provision of products and services to the end user. The management of all processes in the supply chain is what encompasses supply chain management. Supply chain management at ADNOC is carried out in a professional manner, with the main method used being the fragmentation of the different functions. The different organizations that constitute ADNOC operate at different levels in the supply chain of the organization. The organizati on is involved in mining oil and gas in the many oil and gas fields in Abu Dhabi while these products are transported to the refineries by a different section of the organization. The company is involved in the management of processes that occur upstream and downstream in the industry. ADNOC has separate groups of companies within it in addition to a host of independent operators that run different parts of its supply chain. This form of supply chain management has worked towards the organization’s advantage, thus ensuring that it distributes petroleum and gas to the readily available markets. Companies that are mainly involved in the exploration and production include the Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO), Abu Dhabi Gas Development Company Ltd, Abu Dhabi Gas Liquefaction Company Ltd. (ADGAS), Abu Dhabi Marine Operating Company (ADMA-OPCO), Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Ltd. (GASCO), and ELIXIER. The other constituent companies that are involved in mining and exp loration include the National Drilling Company (NDC) and the Zakum Development Company (ZADCO). The other part of ADNOC’s supply chain that is also managed by constituent companies and affiliates is the marketing and refining part. Companies that are involved in the marketing and refining of petroleum products for ADNOC include ADNOC Distribution, Distribution, the Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company (TAKREER), and the Abu Dhabi National Tanker Company and National Gas Shipping Company (ADNATCO-NGSCO) (Mezher, Dawelbait, and Abbas 319). These companies are involved in the refining of oil from the oil fields. Companies in the UAE and other parts of the world run the petrochemical directorate at ADNOC. They include companies such as Borouge whose affiliate businesses include Petrochemicals Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Ltd and Borouge PTE Ltd. The other company in the petrochemical directorate is the Ruwais Fertilizer Industry (FERTIL). Apart from the mining and distribution of petroch emicals, other companies such as ESNAAD and the Abu Dhabi Petroleum Operating Company (IRSHAD) are involved in the shared services directorate. Some companies have teamed up with ADNOC in its supply chain. These companies are found at different areas in the supply chain. Examples of these independent operators that are affiliated to ADNOC include Abu Dhabi Oil Company (Japan) Ltd. (ADOC), BUNDUQ, and Total Abu Al Bukhoosh (TOTAL ABK). The above institutions are involved in the supply chain for ADNOC. The organization also runs training services through the numerous academic institutions that it has established or is involved in their support. The presence of different companies along ADNOC’s supply chain ensures that the company’s functions are carried out in an effective manner. According to Mentzer, diversification of the supply chain may be achieved through the involvement of many companies in the process (72). The supply chain with different players often requires efficient management to ensure that they interact in a positive manner. The existence of many organizations as intermediaries in the supply chain often results in reduced efficiency. If unchecked, it may lead to a reduction in the organization’s output (Morsi and Key 23). There is a loss of time and resources in the increased number of intermediaries. Hence, organizations should target to reduce the number of intermediaries. ADNOC is successful in its supply chain management because all organizations within this supply chain are affiliates or part of the larger organization. Automation is another part of the supply chain that contributes to the evident success in organizations. Organizations that apply technology in their supply chain often end up being successful (Abdelal 31). ADNOC has extensively applied technology in its supply chain, with transportation of petroleum products and crude oil being carried out through advanced methods. The company has extensive use of modern ized fleets in the transportation of its products to their markets, especially in the shipping of oil to the international markets. The management of any supply chain requires a dedicated workforce and the utilization of all cadres of employees. These measures are practiced in the ADNOC’s supply chain management. The other aspect of the supply chain management in relation to ADNOC is the cost of managing this supply chain. ADNOC is one of the global organizations that invest significantly in their supply chain management. According to Mentzer, supply chain management should be an integral part of any organization, with adequate funding to ensure a swift flow of goods and services from suppliers to the end consumers (72). ADNOC has a board in place to manage the supply chain. This committee is charged with the investment into the right measures for the maintenance of an intact supply chain. The global market for ADNOC’s products has a number of competitors, with branche s in different parts of the world including Abu Dhabi and the UAE. To ensure that the company is competitive enough, the supply chain management practices include control of pricing and amount of the produced petroleum products. ADNOC is an example of an organization that has effective supply chain management. Employees in the organization and its affiliate companies are trained on how to manage the supply chain whilst maintaining a constant flow of products produced by this organization. A fully-fledged department is charged with the management of ADNOC’s supply chain. The manager does reporting to the board of the organization. Conclusion In conclusion, the success of any organization is determined by factors such as the management of human resource, supply chain, and the quality of their output. The paper has confirmed that these areas are crucial in terms of determining whether an organization achieves its goals and objectives. This paper has also looked at one of the mos t successful companies in the UAE and on the global front. It has highlighted how it has managed its human resource, quality, and supply chain. ADNOC is one of the most successful energy companies in the world. It has recorded profits in the range of billions of dollars each year. The company has efficient quality control methods in use. Examples include the use of technology and recruitment of experienced and highly trained employees. The human resource management at ADNOC is run by the human resource department, which ensures that the right employees are selected for the right work. The supply chain is run in a fragmented manner, with a variety of organizations being involved in different parts of the chain. The organization has effective management practices in all areas as discussed in the paper. Works Cited Abdelal, Rawi. â€Å"Sovereign Wealth In Abu Dhabi.† Geopolitics 14.2(2009): 317-327. Print. Ayish, Muhammad. â€Å"Virtual Public Relations In The United Arab Emira tes: A Case Study Of 20 UAE Organizations’ Use Of The Internet.† Public Relations Review 31.3(2005): 381-388. Print. Ermida, Graà §a. â€Å"Analysis: Strategic Decisions Of International Oil Companies: Arctic Versus Other Regions.† Energy Strategy Reviews 2.Sustainable Energy System Changes 1.1(2014): 265-272. Print. Gitlow, Howard. Quality management. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005. Print. Mentzer, John. Supply chain management. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2001. Print. Mezher, Toufic, Gihan Dawelbait, and Zeina Abbas. â€Å"Renewable Energy Policy Options For Abu Dhabi: Drivers And Barriers.† Energy Policy 42.2(2012): 315-328. Print. Morsi, Mozzart, and Antonio Key. â€Å"Rehabilitation Of Gas Pipelines: The Experience Of ADNOC In Abu Dhabi.† Corros. Prev. Control 1.1(1994): 5. Print. This report on Operations Management in Abu Dhabi National Oil Company was written and submitted by user Averie W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fascinating Facts About Caterpillars

Fascinating Facts About Caterpillars Surely youve seen a caterpillar in your lifetime, and youve probably even handled one, but how much do you know about Lepidopteran larvae? These cool facts about caterpillars will give you new respect for what remarkable creatures they are. A Caterpillar Has Just One Job to Eat During the larval stage, the caterpillar must consume enough to sustain itself through its pupal stage and into adulthood. Without proper nutrition, it may not have the energy to complete its metamorphosis. Malnourished caterpillars may reach adulthood, but be unable to produce eggs. Caterpillars can eat an enormous amount during a life cycle stage that typically lasts several weeks. Some consume 27,000 times their body weight during this life phase. Caterpillars Increase Their Body Mass by as Much as 1,000 Times or More The larval stage of the life cycle is all about growth. Within the span of a few weeks, the caterpillar will grow exponentially. Because its cuticle, or skin, is only so pliable, the caterpillar will molt multiple times as it gains size and mass. The stage between molts is called an instar, and most caterpillars go through 5 to 6 instars before pupating. No wonder caterpillars consume so much food! A Caterpillars First Meal Is Usually Its Eggshell In most cases, when a caterpillar ecloses (hatches) from its egg, it will consume the remainder of the shell. The outer layer of the egg, called the chorion, is rich in protein and provides the new larva  with a nutritious start. A Caterpillar Has as Many as 4,000 Muscles in Its Body Thats one seriously muscle-bound insect! By comparison, humans have just 629 muscles in a considerably larger body. The caterpillars head capsule alone consists of 248 individual muscles, and about 70 muscles control each body segment. Remarkably, each of the 4,000 muscles is innervated by one or two neurons.   Caterpillars Have 12 Eyes On each side of its head, a caterpillar has 6 tiny eyelets, called stemmata, arranged in a semi-circle. One of the 6 eyelets is usually offset a bit and located closer to the antennae. You would think an insect with 12 eyes would have excellent eyesight, but thats not the case. The stemmata serve merely to help the caterpillar differentiate between light and dark. If you watch a caterpillar, youll notice it sometimes moves its head from side to side. This most likely helps it judge depth  and distance as it navigates somewhat blindly. Caterpillars Produce Silk Using modified salivary glands along the sides of their mouth, caterpillars can produce silk as needed. Some caterpillars, like gypsy moths, disperse by ballooning from the treetops on a silken thread. Others, such as eastern tent caterpillars or webworms, construct silk tents in which they live communally. Bagworms use silk to join dead foliage together into a shelter. Caterpillars also use silk when they pupate, either to suspend a chrysalis or to construct a cocoon. Caterpillars Have 6 Legs, Just as Adult Butterflies or Moths Do There are way more than 6 legs on most caterpillars youve seen, but most of those legs are false legs, called prolegs, which help the caterpillar hold onto plant surfaces and allow it to climb. The 3 pairs of legs on the caterpillars thoracic segments are the true legs, which it will retain in adulthood. A caterpillar may have up to 5 pairs of prolegs on its abdominal segments, usually including a terminal pair on the hind end.   Caterpillars Move in a Wavelike Motion, From Back to Front Caterpillars with a full complement of prolegs move in a fairly predictable motion. Usually, the caterpillar will first anchor itself using the terminal pair of prolegs and then reach forward with one pair of legs at a time, starting from the hind end. Theres more going on than just leg action, though. The caterpillars blood pressure changes as it moves forward, and its gut, which is basically a cylinder suspended inside its body, advances in sync with the head and rear end. Inchworms and loopers, which have fewer prolegs, move by pulling their hind ends forward in contact with the thorax and then extending their front half. Caterpillars Get Creative When It Comes to Self Defense Life at the bottom of the food chain can be tough, so caterpillars employ all kinds of strategies to avoid becoming a bird snack. Some caterpillars, such as the early instars of black swallowtails, look like bird droppings. Certain inchworms in the family Geometridae mimic twigs, and bear markings that resemble leaf scars or bark. Other caterpillars use the opposite strategy, making themselves visible with bright colors to advertise their toxicity. A few caterpillars, like the spicebush swallowtail, display large eyespots to deter birds from eating them. If youve ever tried to take a caterpillar from its host plant, only to have it fall to the ground, youve observed it using thanatosis to thwart your efforts to collect it. A swallowtail caterpillar can be identified by its smelly osmeterium, a special defensive stink gland just behind the head. Many Caterpillars Use the Toxins From Their Host Plants to Their Own Advantage Caterpillars and plants co-evolve. Some host plants produce toxic or foul-tasting compounds meant to dissuade herbivores from munching their foliage. But many caterpillars can sequester the toxins in their bodies, effectively using these compounds to protect themselves from predators. The classic example of this is the monarch caterpillar and its host plant, milkweed. The monarch caterpillar ingests glycosides produced by the milkweed plant. These toxins remain within the monarch through adulthood, making the butterfly unpalatable to birds and other predators. Sources Caterpillar locomotion: A new model for soft-bodied climbing and burrowing robots, Barry A. Trimmer, Ann E. Takesian, and Brian M. Sweet, Tufts University, 2006.Unique Means of Animal Locomotion Reported for First Time, Tufts University media release, July 22, 2010.Caterpillars of Eastern North America, David L. Wagner.Encyclopedia of Insects, 2nd Edition, edited by Vincent H. Resh and Ring T. Cardà ©, 2009.Borror and Delongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson, 2005.

Buyer Behaviour and Integrated Marketing Communication-Starbucks goes Literature review

Buyer Behaviour and Integrated Marketing Communication-Starbucks goes to India - Literature review Example To go ahead with this task, a detailed customer profile is required depending on the targeted segments because in general, as a long term strategy, customers are segmented based on their demographics, marketing habits etc. India is the largest democracy and has the 'distinction' of having population levels second only to China. Present youth profile gives a clear impression that the youth of the day believes in hanging out with the friend circle after a day-long school/ college/ work. The burgeoning IT-enabled services sector, outsourcing, and the call center phenomenon is giving plenty of opportunities as well as a good amount of spare bucks to spend, to the youth of the day. Call centers have been one of the growth triggers as far as an increase in coffee consumption is concerned. Earlier a coffee house's customer was limited to individuals who worked daytime hours, but no more, now we have the nightlife as well in coffee houses, religiously followed by the neo-rich group of professionals who work a night-time shift. Need for a venue to socialize with others of their age who share their interests comes in handy for a coffee house. Â  Besides the youth, other working class and couples can also be a target market for Starbucks in India. There are competitors like Barista, Cafe Coffee, Cafe Mocha etc. And some of these brands do have a good international presence as well. Having well familiarized themselves with the Indian terrain and coffee habits, these brands will prove to be a force to reckon with. Moreover, at times, for a change, the customer in India relishes to enter a coffee house and look for beverages other than coffee and some other eatables. Therefore Starbucks needs to plan its strategy accordingly. Maybe it can think of having a tie-up with some other established brands like Pepsi, Coke etc. for the presence of their products within its premises. Company-operated retail stores accounted for approximately 84% of net revenues during fiscal 2004.

Federal Bureau of Prisons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Federal Bureau of Prisons - Research Paper Example Whatever the intended function of prison is, the reality is that they perform a role in our society. We have the need to feel safe from people who would do us harm. Many commit crimes at the state level, so are sentences to local jails or state prisons. Others, however, wrong the country as a whole, and not just a given segment of society. For this offenders, the federal government has set up an elaborate system of prisons across the country divided into six different regions. The purpose of the Federal Bureau of Prisons is to â€Å"Protect society by confining offenders in the controlled environments of prison and community-based facilities that are safe, humane, cost-efficient, and appropriately secure, and that provide work and other self-improvement opportunities to assist offenders in becoming law-abiding citizens† (Roberts, 1997, p. 53). The purpose of this paper is to explain the function of the federal prison and to examine the actually effectiveness of its various pro grams and policies. History and Policies Established in 1930, the Federal Bureau of Prisons has stated its policy to provide more progressive and humane care and treatment for Federal inmates sentenced to serve time (Roberts, 1997, p. 53). ... 53). As one can see, this is quite an elaborate system of institutions, and each is governed by a nationalized set of policies designed to keep everything running smoothly throughout the country. Currently, the federal prisoner system is designed to care for about 219,000 inmates. Policies dictate that each inmate who is incarcerated is done so in order to order to ensure public safety. At the same time, the facilities that the inmates are housed in are designed to be safe, humane, cost efficient, and secure to the level required by each individual offender. Security Levels Just as with state and local prisons and jails, there are various levels of security existent in the Federal Bureau of Prisons. The system is made of five distinct security levels. The goal in this division is to confine offending prisoners in a manner appropriate to their individual circumstance and crime committed. Each level has different features related to the number and presence of external patrols, towers, security barriers, or detection devices (Fliesher, 1998, p. 11). Each level of confinement will also typically have different types of housing within the institution, certain security features, and a different staff-to-inmate ration. It is also interesting to note that each institution in the federal system is designed to house a different security level as needed depending on the space available and the needs of the population (Fliesher, 1998, p. 11). The lowest level of security in the Federal Bureau of Prisons is minimum security. Prisons of this type are also known as Federal Prison Camps and typically have dormitory type housing, a low staff-to-inmate ration when compared to other

Innovation course PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Innovation course - PowerPoint Presentation Example ter is to improve the delivery of quality health care conforming to the strict standards of the Joint Accreditation Commission of Health Organizations (JACHO). It basic strategy to attain its vision and mission is to manage innovation through governance and leadership skills. The first strategy is to employ non-nurse managers to head their nursing units. It is strategic move to enable nurses to focus on patient care and not be bogged down with administrative work. This move paved the way to increase morale and productivity in the units, and increased patients’ satisfaction with regard to the delivery of efficient and effective healthcare. The second strategy was an innovative structure necessitating building a two-tower structure which stands on a 1.6-hectare property. This move would capture a more extensive clientele thereby improving their market share. The third move was to institute actions which are â€Å"firsts† in the industry. First to invest in advanced medical equipments to cater to more patients not only in the local market but in the neighboring Asian nations. Further, this strategy puts SLMC in the top spot among the medical institutions in the Philippines. Innovative companies have well defined goals, vision and mission. The vision defined 2010 as the year to achieve its being one of the top 5 hospitals in Asia and would be achieved through highly competent and caring professionals and with the use of world class technology and research. Leadership is essential in managing innovation. The appropriate leadership skills are matched with personalities, characteristics and behavior of its human resources to motivate them into achieving organizational goals. Company’s resources must be maximized. Human resources are acknowledged as their most important asset. Property, equipment, and processes are continuously updated. And management has made a commitment to invest in technologically advanced medical equipments to compete with other top health

abraham Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abraham, a very important hero from Genesis, was the first person to believe in a single God. He was the first to show devoted faith to God and risk everything to follow God. He always found strength in his faith in God, but sometimes his unyielding, strong faith was a weakness that almost got good people hurt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abraham is one of the most important people in the Old Testament because he was the first person to believe in and be called by God. â€Å"The Lord said to Abram, ‘Go forth from the land of our kinsfolk and from your father’s house to a land that I will show you. I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you; I will make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you and curse those who curse you. All the communities in the earth shall find blessing in you.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Genesis 12:1-3). This is God’s call to Abraham and God promises to give Abraham all of those things if Abraham will do what God tells him to do. Abraham does what God says not knowing what he might have to do in the future and only knowing that he is leaving almost everything behind him. Abraham has no real reason to believe in God other than what God said to him. Promises from a god that nobody knows and that one person has only briefly spoken with is not much to base leaving everything behind to do what this God says. Another risk Abraham takes i...

Effective Environmental Impact Management through Ecotourism

The world has seen the growth of tourism increase dramatically in the past fifty years and with this growth comes a concern for the cultural and environmental impacts associated with it. Ecotourism is the new breed of tourism based around the concept of nature and cultural appreciation, espoused by many to bring significant economic benefits to the host countries as well as being a sustainable alternative to mass tourism. The aim of this paper is to review the literature that focuses on the environmental impacts of ecotourism. This will be achieved through the discussion of five key areas. First, the multitude of definitions surrounding ecotourism will be examined with a view to identifying the core concepts. Second, the key players involved in the ecotourism industry will be identified. Third, the positive and negative impacts associated with ecotourism will be discussed. Fourth, the contributing factors that determine the level of environmental impact. Fifth, the future of ecotourism and how it can be managed. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for future research. World tourism is growing in terms of number of travellers as well as in economic expansion (World Tourism Organisation (W. T. O), 1997) and as the worlds largest industry (Nelson, 1993) it earns approximately $US 2. 5 trillion annually (Dearden, 1993). Tourism takes on many different guises and nature-tourism is one of these, which, in it's most sustainable form has been labelled ecotourism. Within the worldwide tourism industry ecotourism is one of the fastest growing sectors (Eagles, 1995) and according to a 2001 W. T. O and United Nations Environment Programme study ecotourism may represent between two and four percent of global tourism (W. T. O, 1997). Although this is a relatively small percentage share it is not the volume that is significant but the fact that it is a type of tourism that attempts to minimise the negative effects of traditional mass tourism, be these economic, social or environmental (Doan, 2000). There has been a proliferation of ecotourism-related articles in professional journals since the late 1980s (Sirakaya, 1999) and due to the expansive nature of ecotourism the literature covers a multitude of topics. It is for this reason that for the purpose of this paper I have focused on the journals that are concerned particularly with the environmental impacts of ecotourism. These journals take the form of definition articles (Edwards, 1998; Sirakaya, 1999; Fennel, 2000), articles on particular case studies (Burton, 1998; Doan, 2000; Thomlinson, 1996; Obua, 1997; Nianyong, 2001; Chin, 2000), and articles on impact related aspects from more of a resource point of view (Beaumont, 2001; Tyler, 1999; Acott, 1998). Section 1: Defining the Concept of Ecotourism Before even beginning to identify what environmental impacts ecotourism is having on the environment it is important to clarify the concept of what it is. The problems of defining ecotourism have been debated at length (Blamey, 1997), and there is a tremendous amount of literature exploring the definitions of ecotourism. It can be observed that Ceballos-Lascurain (1983) was one of the first people to provide a working definition (Sirakaya, 1999; Thomlinson, 1996; Edwards, 1998; Fennel, 2001). His definition was normative and he suggested that ecotourism incorporates the notions of travelling to relatively untouched natural areas with the objective of enjoying and admiring the area's natural and cultural manifestations. From that period on the definitions came to include the notion of ecological sustainability and that ecotourism should provide economic benefits for local people, as well as provide funds for conservation of the visited areas (Boo, 1990; Lindberg and Hawkins, 1993; Tyler, 1996). Researchers from the field of biological research tend to focus mainly on the environmental aspects of the definition (Tyler, 1999; Nianyong, 2001; Acott et al. , 1998) when using the term ecotourism in their research papers. While others have not included a definition of what they consider ecotourism to stand for (Obua, 1997; Burton, 1998), suggesting that people reading articles in the tourism journals are assumed to have a comprehensive understanding of what the term ecotourism means. In the recent years research focusing on the definitions of ecotourism have been performed through content analysis of pre-existing definitions, one such being by Sirakaya (1999) who looked at it from a supply side view and identified whether tour-operators in the America's viewed themselves in fit with their own ecotourism definitions and policies. These definitions took a normative and positive viewpoint that can also be seen in Fennels (2001) article. He also used a content analysis method and incorporated the concept of definition alterations over time as well as differentiating between definitions provided by government and individuals (researchers) mainly in the Americas. Perhaps the most exhaustive study of definitions was undertaken by Edwards et al (1998), who conducted a content analysis of the ecotourism policies employed by the government agencies of all the countries in the America's. All these content analyses provide a fresh insight into the definition of ecotourism although they are biased due to the fact that they use very few definitions provided by researchers and governments outside of the America's. A commonly cited definition that I think encapsulates the main findings of the three content analysis studies previously described (Sirakaya, 1999; Fennels, 2001; Edwards et al. , 1998) is one that originated from the Ecotourism Society (1993), and for the purpose of this review is the definition I shall be using. It is:- Purposeful travel to natural areas to understand the cultural and natural history of the environment, taking care not to alter the integrity of the ecosystem, while producing opportunities that make the conservation of natural resources beneficial to local citizens. Section 2: Identification of the Key Players in the Ecotourism Industry In this section I will identify four different groups who have key roles to play in the ecotourism industry; the communities residing in the host ecotourism country/area, the tourists, the tour operators, and the government agencies. All of the above groups are interconnected and affect each other and in turn effect the environmental impact on ecotourism destinations, this will be discussed further in section four. The literature only provides very fleeting references into the nature of the communities that are affected by ecotourism. The main way that local communities would appear to get involved in the ecotourism industry is through being employed in the local tourist activities. Be it through building accommodation (Obua, 1997), guiding (Chin et al. , 2000), or by being involved in local conservation projects (Nianyong, 2001). Yet even descriptions of these activities are very minimal and so will not be addressed further in this review. On a general level of description about the tourist group the authors tend to refer to them as eco-tourists (Beumont, 2001; Acott, 1998), and they are observed to be mainly westerners (Chin et al. , 2000). It is agreed that all eco-tourists have the underlying wish to travel to natural areas with a view to appreciating the unspoilt environment (Tyler, 1999; Beumont, 2001; Acott, 1998) and within this concept is the discussion in the literature concerning the ‘spectrum' of nature based tourists (Burton, 1998). Beumont (2001) identified a range of different types of nature based travellers by suggesting that each eco-tourist is unique in terms of their knowledge of the nature and attitude towards it. This idea can be seen in a slightly different guise in Acott's (1998) research which takes a much more phenomenological approach and segments eco-tourists into ‘shallow' and ‘deep' groups. Shallow eco-tourists are of an anthropocentric frame of mind in that they view humans as separate from nature and that nature is an instrument that serves human ends. ‘Deep' eco-tourists adopt a much more holistic view of the world and view humans to be intrinsically linked with the environment. Burton (1998) identifies these differing types as ‘casual' and ‘dedicated' eco-tourists with ‘dedicated' ones having higher expectations in terms of the quality of the ecotourism experience. Eco-tourism as a product is delivered by the ecotour operators and companies (Thomlinson, 1996). They characteristically have the parent business located in the base country (predominantly western) who prepare nature tour packages and then co-ordinate with the other half of their business in the destination country (Higgins, 1996). The majority are small-scale operations (Blamey, 1995; McArthur, 1994). This enables the operators to practice environmentally responsible practices and to ensure high quality experiences for the tourists (Burton 1998; Thomlinson, 1996). In compliance with the definition of ecotourism ecotour operators ideally should act in an environmentally responsible manner yet many researchers suggest that they are masquerading as ecotour companies and use the term ecotourism as a marketing tool (Nianyong, 2001; Thomlinson, 1996; Beaumont, 2001; Burton, 1998). With respect to government agencies involvement and attitudes towards ecotourism the content analysis study conducted by Edwards et al. 1998) provides the most comprehensive insight into their agenda's. As well as this empirical study the literature identifies them as playing an important role in the management of the ecotourism industry with them being the creators of the policies which control the exploitation of natural areas (Nianyong, 2001; Chin et al. , 2000; Beaumont, 2001; Burton, 1998). This is especially true when the ecotourism activities take place in national parks as designated by governments (Obua, 1997; Nianyong, 2001; Woodward, 1996). The influence they have on environmental impact management will be discussed further in section 4. Section 3: The Positive and Negative Environmental Impacts. The positive environmental impacts are essentially indirect benefits that are derived from educating tourists on environmental issues, and providing economic benefits for the destination country/area to aid in conservation of their natural resources. With respect to issue of education Beumont (1998) cites the writings of Boo (1991) and Goudberg et al. 1991) who argue that ecotourism provides environmental education or interpretation for participants which in turn creates awareness and understanding of the natural environment therefore creating support for conservation. This idea is supported by Chin et al. (2000: 31) whose qualitative study based around a questionnaire completed by 210 eco-tourists who visited Bako national park in Borneo. It showed that â€Å"90% of respondents indicated the importance of learning about nature as part of their experience, suggesting that visitors to Bako would be highly receptive to educational strategies. It is the ecotour operators who are essentially the main providers of the environmental education and Blamey (1995) notes that ecotour operators in Australia primarily set up their businesses because of their personal interest in the environment. Economic benefits derived from ecotourism and that positively impact the environment take a number of forms. Boo (1990) argues that ecotourism can stimulate the economy and in turn generate direct funding for conservation. An example of this is where Doan (2000) cites Wells (1993) who talks about mountaineering fees that are being used for the cleanup of Sagmarth National Park in Nepal, and has led to increased ecological quality. An indirect environmental benefit derived from ecotourism is that it provides an alternative to more damaging types of industry (Thomlinson, 1996). This can be seen in a case study (Obua, 1997) where forest ecotourism was introduced in the Kibale National Park as a sustainable industry instead of ruining the environment through logging. The definition provided by the Ecotourism Society suggests that ecotourism should not alter the integrity of the ecosystem, yet as Tyler and Dangerfield (1999) argue almost any level of human exploitation has impacts on an ecosystem. His qualitative research took the viewpoint of resource management, the resource being the ecosystems that are exploited by ecotourism, and points out that most of the ecosytems that are visited have developed independently of human interaction and have to adapt rapidly to deal with the human incursion, depending on the level of human disturbance. Tyler (1999) does point out that marine environments are particularly susceptible to the development of ecotourism, a topic researched at length by Mason (1998) who, through the use of a qualitative research tool assessed the potential effects on two marine environments and found that predominantly negative biophysical effects occurred due to development of ecotourism. A study on forest degradation due to ecotourism (Obua, 1997) was the only quantitative research on the subject of environmental impact that was found in the literature. Perhaps an area for future research? Other environmental impacts of ecotourism outlined in the literature take the form of general comments about how animal behaviour is disrupted with particular reference to altered eating habits (Burger, 1998; Tyler, 1999; Thomlinson, 1996). Pollution created in the forms of rubbish as well as water and vehicle pollution which is also mentioned in the literature (Mason, 1998; Chin et al. , 2000; Nianyong, 2001) as well as damage done to vegetation due to trampling. An indirect environmental impact that is discussed in some depth by Burton (1998) and to a lesser extent Beaumont (2001) is the fact that most eco-tourists have the expectation of appreciating the natural environment without the presence of large numbers of people. This has led to the exploitation of previously untouched area in an attempt to provide ecotourists with quality experiences. Section 4: Determining the level of Environmental Impact In the literature one of the biggest debates is whether eco-tourism leads to mass-tourism and it's associated environmental problems (Beaumont, 2001; Doan, 2000; Mason, 1998; Obua, 1997). Even if it does not lead to fully-fledged mass-tourism it agreed throughout the literature that an increase in visitors to sensitive natural environments causes an increase in associated environmental impacts. Discussion on at what point the number of tourists is too much for a destination focuses on the concept of carrying capacity (Doan, 2000; Thomlinson, 1996). This is the theoretical limit to the number of tourists that an area can sustain without deleterious effects (Boo, 1990). They also refer to Butler's life cycle model and Burton (1998) cites Thomlinson's (1996) empirical evidence, and argues that once the number of tourists reach a certain level then ecotourism turns into mass-tourism. So as described, the number of tourists converging on a destination is a key factor on the level of environmental impact, yet what factors contribute to the differing numbers of ecotourists? A common idea in the literature is the attitudes of the governing bodies towards the development of ecotourism sites (Thomlinson, 1996; Obua, 1997; Chin et al. 2000; Nianyong, 2001). A common theme is that governments have been tempted by the prospect of making a ‘quick buck', and therefore do not put in place policies limiting exploitation of their countries natural resources, and policies limiting numbers of tourists. Although one country that has minimised environmental impacts through limiting the number of western tourists is Bhutan (Brunet, 2001), yet not totally as they s till allow an unlimited number of Indians to cross their borders, a policy controlled by the government! Nianyong (2001) also illustrates that governments should be instrumental in helping to develop environmentally responsible policies within their country as well as providing funds for research. Yet in the case of Nianyongs' research which was a survey conducted in China, he points out that a lot of ecotourism destinations are in the third world, this is can be seen in the way that most of the case studies on ecotourism are based in the third world. These host countries can't afford to provide funds for appropriate ecotourism development, a point corroborated by Chin et al. 2000) whose study was based in Malaysia. Yet paradoxically authorities were responsible for increasing the number of eco-tourists to the Bako national park in 1988 through tourism promotion. Chin et al. (2000) suggests that this was driven by economic interests. The next area of discussion focuses on how eco-tour operators affect the level of environmental impact that ecotourism destinations experience. As previous ly mentioned it is suggested that eco-tour operators are simply exploiting the concept of ecotourism by using it as a marketing tool. Burton (1998) cites a number of researchers who suggest that surveys indicate that a large number of eco-tour operators cannot be considered to act in an environmentally responsible manner (Botrill and Pearce, 1995; Weiler, 1992; Holden & Kealy, 1996; Jones, 1993). This obviously has serious implications for the level of environmental impact and in Belize supposedly ecotourism companies have destroyed large swaths of mangrove swamps in order to develop luxury bungalows (Thomlinson, 1996). Also although most eco-tour operators are small businesses there are so many of them they can negatively impact the environment through a cumulative effect (Thomlinson, 1996; Beaumont, 2001). As illustrated the number of ecotourists descending upon an area is one of the main factors determining the level of environmental impact Yet there are references in the literature that point out that it is the innate attitude of the actual eco-tourist towards pro-environmental causes that plays an important part in the level of environmental impact that ecotourism destinations experience (Acott, 1998; Chin et al. 2000; Beaumont, 2001). Acott (1998) who discusses ecotourism in terms of ‘shallow' and ‘deep' differentiates different types of eco-tourists in terms of the level to what extent they pursue environmentally sustainable lifestyles. He uses the example of a low impact eco-traveller who stays in very basic accommodation and pursues a minimal impact experience compared to a larg e group of bird watchers staying in a luxury hotel with the expectation of a westernised ecotourism experience. Section 5: The Future of Ecotourism The focus of this section is to identify the numerous variables correlated with the success of ecotourism as a sustainable option for the future, and the recommendations documented in the literature to ensure the long-term success of ecotourism. As it is recognised that large numbers of tourists have detrimental affects on the environment, many of the researchers talk about limiting visitor numbers (Burton, 1998; Thomlinson, 1996; Nianyong, 2001; Chin et al. 2000). Yet how many is too many? Tyler (1999) and to a lesser extent Doan (2000) suggest that the resource base (the ecotourism destination) as an ecosystem needs to be considered primarily, and to define saleable products that will have an absorbable impact. In relation to actually controlling the number of visitors it is generally agreed that government tourism agencies are ones who have the power to implement these controls. Thomlinson (1996) suggests that infrastructure should be limited thus discouraging large scale tours, this was actually achieved in Bako National Park Malaysia, whereby the authorities decided not to build a main road into the park and only allow tourists access to the park via river boats. Nianyong (2001) also suggests that operators wishing to establish ecotourism businesses in national parks should have to obtain licenses thereby maintaining the integrity of the industry. There are also suggestions that as ecotourism is after all a business, causing smaller eco-tour operators (who have less of an impact on the evironment) being forced out of the market by larger operators. These larger operators are seen to be the leading edge of mass tourism and achieve greater profits through economies of scale (Burton, 1998, Thomlinson, 1996). Therefore they argue that government agencies need to promote and perhaps subsidise the smaller operatives and restrict the growth of larger operators. Yet the tension that exists with governments, especially in third world countries, is that they lack funds and by limiting the number tourists they are limiting the economic benefits provided by the ecotourism industry. These government agencies have to realise that although increase in visitor numbers means greater profits, eco-tourists want to experience nature without being crowded by other humans (Burton, 1998). Boo (1990: 96) noted in reference to the environmental effects of ecotourism ‘that tourism, if not managed properly, can destroy tourism'. The issue of educating eco-tourists is the other fundamental tool that can be used in maintaining the sustainability of ecotourism. By creating positive attitudes towards environmental preservation amongst tourists it fosters awareness about the future implications of ecotourism amongst the very people who are the consumers of the product, and who directly impact the environment they are visiting. Fortunately according to Sirakaya's (1999) research ‘according to tour operators, ecotourism also includes involvement in after travel to inspire personal responsibility'. The raises the point addressed at length by Beaumont (2001) that it is the responsibility of the eco-tour operators to provide quality education to the tourists. Nianyong (2001) also points out that local communities in the host destination need to be educated and involved and encouraged to participate in environmental conservation. A point only briefly touched upon in other articles. Section 6: Conlusion Five lines of enquiry were discussed, each focusing on different aspects. However, these aspects are highly interconnected. The first section outlined how research into the definitions of ecotourism had mainly been qualitative. Recently however the research has tended to be functionalist in nature with quantitative studies employing content analysis techniques as a means to attempt to settle the definition debate. I observed definite core themes in the research yet felt as did the most recent researchers did that pinpointing an exact definition was act of futility, due to the global nature of ecotourism. Yet the definition I used at the bottom of section 1 provided the basis of reference for the duration of the review. In the second and third section the research findings illustrated the interconnectedness of the key players in the ecotourism industry and the effects they are having as a whole on the environment. The articles that were found to provide the best insight into the detailed effects of what environmental impacts ecotourism has on host countries were found in Case Study articles, where various regions were examined in depth. Although a problem with these case studies was that they were slightly limited in that they all examined ecotourism activities in national parks. I would suggest future research that focuses on areas that are not national parks, but which do accommodate ecotourism, one such place being Kodaikanal in southern India, a place where as an ecotourist myself, inspired this review. There was also a distinct lack of detailed quantitative research of a geographical nature into environmental impacts, yet research of this nature is inherently difficult due to the complex nature of ecosystems. Section four and five viewed ecotourism and it's capacity to minimise environmental damage in the context of ‘the bigger picture' by pulling together the previous sections. The literature acknowledged that ecotourism is a business after all and that market forces as with nearly everything in this world are driving factors behind whether ecotourism is a success or not in the future. Yet it can be seen just through observing the recent initiation of new journals such as the Journal of Sustainable Tourism that there is concern for the well-being the environment, especially with the dramatic annual growth of tourism. Therefore research into the ecotourism industry will almost certainly continue apace. This is fortunate as Tyler (1999) points out there are a multitude of dimensions and paradigms associated with ecotourism research, ranging from philosophy to ecological economics. To conclude, the future of ecotourism is an uncertain one. Negative environmental impacts have definitely been observed, although in other areas where effective policies have been implemented the environment has apparently not suffered and the sustainability of the industry is assured. There is evidence that supports the theory that ecotourism leads to mass tourism and it's associated problems. Yet, I would observe that the commonality amongst all these issues is that geographical location causes the differing variables associated with ecotourism development and is the deciding factor as to whether ecotourism can be implemented successfully to protect the environment. This is where further research should be directed enabling future ecotourism planners to have a reference point according to their global location.

Movie Analysis Zootopia Essay - 1342 Words

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